➢ is a condition which gives you freedom from hazards, risk and accident which may cause injury even death, damage and loss to property, material, and environment.
➢ Safety in composes the system, programs, and practices for the prevention of accidents and incidents.
TYPES OF INCIDENT Accident: An incident which resulted in actual injury or death, financial loss/ or damage to Property, Environment, Social Programs, Reputations.
Near Miss: An unplanned, unwanted event that had the potential to lead to some kind of loss; injury to people, damage to property or loss of production but did not.
Dangerous Occurrence: Any significant incident arising out of or in the course of work that did not result in serious injury/and or fatalities but had the potential to have done so.
ILL Health: A disease or medical condition that is directly attributable to work. e.g., Dermatitis as a result of exposure to skin irritants.
Hazard: (Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical, Biological, Physical, Ergonomics, Psychological)
➢ Something in the workplace that is not controlled to an acceptable standard & therefore has the potential to cause harm to individuals, damage to property, plant, and equipment. (A trailing cable which has the potential to cause a trip) .
➢ Anything which has the potential to cause harm.
Risk: Risk is the combination of likelihood of occurrence of an undesired event and the potential
adverse consequences. Risk = (Likelihood × severity) OR
❖ How great the chance that someone will be harmed by the hazard.
Likelihood: The mathematical chances that the hazardous event might occur. OR
❖ Measure of the frequency at which an event might occur.
Severity: The degree to which an agent hazardous to health can cause harm. OR
❖ Measure of the adverse effects of an event.
Unsafe Act: A violation of an accepted safe procedure or practice that could permit the occurrence of an incident or may lead to an incident.
Unsafe Condition: A hazardous physical condition or circumstance that could directly permit the occurrence of an incident or may lead to an incident.
Competent Person: A person who has Trainings, knowledge, Skills, and experience.
Toolbox Talk (TBT): It is a job specific talk to workers regarding the activity to be done.
Safety Induction: All construction and other industries are very dangerous places some safety disciplines should be followed there so everybody must to know all safety rules and regulations before entering the site. Safety Personnel gives this talk in which he explains the project description and rules and responsibilities to be followed this talk is called safety induction.
Emergency Plan: It is an action plan for the proper response during any major emergency situation like fire it should be known all responsible persons.
Assembly Point: It is a designated area to accommodate workers safely during emergency situation. All emergency exits (escape routes) lead to assembly point .
Safety Audit: It is a systematic, critical, and independent examination of an organization systems &
procedures to determine the extent of compliance with a set of agreed standards.
➢ It is systematic and independent examination of an organization health and safety management system
to collect objective evidence. Audit aims for assessing the effectiveness and reliability of the system. It
suggests the corrective actions to be taken.
Note: The only minor difference between audit and inspection is audit is pre-planned activity while
inspection is not a pre-planned activity otherwise the requirements are same.
Documents likely to be examined during audit:
➢ HSE Policy, Safety monitoring procedure, Risk Assessment methodology procedure, Training records, Inspection records, Maintenance records & Health surveillance records.
HSE Plan: HSE plan is a formal, systematic, and consistent document of a workplace that is designed / developed in accordance with the legislative and Client requirements. It describes how to carry out the job in a safe manner without any harm to PEAR (People, Environment, Asset, Reputation). Infect It is an important reference document to demonstrate how the HSE Management System would be implemented for the contracted scope of work. HSE Plan is prepared at the start of the project and updated accordingly through each phase capturing all HSE requirements.
1) Abu Dhabi Law No 1 of 1988 Establishing the Supreme Petroleum Council (SPC).
2) Federal Law No 24 of 1999 for the Protection and Development of The environment and subsequently issued executive regulations.
3) Federal Law No 8 of 1980 Re-regulations of Labor Relations.
4) Law No.21 of 2005 for Waste Management in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi
Aims of HSE Plan: It is aimed to improve the overall management and coordination of Health, Safety and Environment through the construction various phases to eliminate or reduce the accidents or ill health and Environmental incidents occurrence.
Contents/Elements of HSE Plan: Typical elements that shall be considered as a minimum when developing a Contractor HSE Plan for a contract are mentioned below. The extent and description of the individual elements would depend on the complexity of the contract.
Element 1. Leadership and Commitment
Element 2. Policy and Strategic Objectives
Element 3. Organization, Resources and Competence
Element 4. Risk Evaluation and Management
Element 5. Planning, Standards and Procedures
Element 6. Implementation and Monitoring
Element 7. Audit and
Element 8. Management Review
PROJECT HSE PLAN SHALL INCLUDE
▪ Project description objective and scope
▪ Definitions & abbreviations
▪ Document control
▪ Purpose of this document
▪ Reference and legal requirements
▪ Project HSE policy
▪ Leadership and commitment
▪ Responsibilities and organization - PM, CM, ENGG, HSE and road safety and employee
▪ Hazard/Environmental aspect identification, risk assessment and control
▪ Emergency preparedness and response program
▪ Training program, competence, and awareness
What are the elements and information needed to prepare an HSE plan?
The elements that make up a Health and Safety Plan include:
▪ Contract description
▪ Contract Occupational Health and Safety structure and system
▪ Contract induction and safety training
▪ Safe work practices and procedures
▪ JSA including Formal Risk assessment
▪ Workplace health and safety inspections
▪ Health and safety consultation
▪ Emergency Procedure
▪ Incident recording and investigation
▪ Health and safety performance monitoring.
Legal Requirements: Any set of Federal, State or Local regulations or permits which apply to operations or activities.
Codes of Practice: There are 54 codes of practice in Abu Dhabi, and it is one of the Mandatory Technical Requirements. (A set of guidelines & regulations to be followed by members of some profession, trade, occupation, organization etc. does not normally have the force of law).
1-Hazardous Materials, 11-Safety in Heat, 21-Permit to work, 23-Work at height,
26-Scaffolding, 27-Confined space, 29-Excavation, 37-Ladders are some examples of COPs
Define the Following Key words?
First Aid Case: Any work-related injury or illness that does not involve lost workdays, restricted workdays, or Medical Treatment Case but which receives First Aid Treatment.
Medical Treatment: Any work-related injury or illness that neither involves lost workdays nor restricted workdays, but which requires Medical Treatment beyond the first aid by LHCP.
Lost Time Injury: Any absence from the work due to work related fatalities, permanent total disabilities, Permanent Partial disabilities, and lost workday cases.
Lost Workday Case (LWDC): A work-related injury or illness other than a fatal injury which results in a person (being unfit for work on any day after the day of occurrence of the occupational injury) temporarily unable to perform any regular job or restricted work activity on a subsequent scheduled workday or shift, supported by a medical report from an approved medical practitioner.
Serious Dangerous Occurrence: An unplanned and undesired occurrence which has the potential to cause serious Injury (may be fatality) which may or may not cause damage to Property, Equipment, or the Environment.
Restricted workday Case (RWDC): It is work-related Injury or Illness that results in limitations on work activity that prevents an individual from performing any task of his normal/ routine job or from doing the entire job for any part of the day.
Permanent Partial Disability (PPD): Any work-related injury or illness which results in the complete loss or permanent loss of use of any parts of the body or permanent impairment of function or parts of the body, regardless of any pre-existing disability of the injured member of impaired body function.
Permanent Total Disability (PTD): Any work-related injury or illness which permanently in capacitatesan employee from doing any work and results in termination of employment or medical severance.
Fatality: A death resulting from work related injury or illness, regardless of the intervening time between injury and death.
Occupational Illness: Any abnormal condition or disorder, or any fatality other than one resulting from an occupational injury, caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment. Occupational illness may be caused by inhalation, absorption, ingestion of, or direct contact with the hazard, as well as exposure to physical and psychological hazards. It generally occurs due to prolonged or repeated exposures.
Non-Accidental Death (NAD): Non-accidental death is the death of a company or contractor’s employee due to suicide or a non-work-related illness occurring in the work environment i.e., death within employer’s premises. Any case of death of a person either.
❖ Where there is no identifiable incident or trauma involved OR
❖ Is the result of an apparent suicide?
Reportable Incident: All work-related incidents with Actual Severity 3 or above OR Potential Severity 4 or above involving ADNOC Group or Reportable Contractors’ employees requiring notification to ADNOC within the timeframes prescribed in the Standard HSE-GA-ST04-Incident Notification Investigation Reporting.
Reportable Incidents include but not limited to the following.
• Fatality or NAD
• Permanent Partial Disability or Permanent Total Disability
• Inpatient Hospitalization of 24 hours or more for care or treatment
• Confirmed Cases of Serious Occupational Disease or Illness (Appendix 2)
• Lost Workdays Cases (Non-Accidental Death (NAD): Non-accidental death is the death of a company or contractor’s employee
due to suicide or a non-work-related illness occurring in the work environment i.e., death within
employer’s premises. Any case of death of a person either.
❖ Where there is no identifiable incident or trauma involved OR
❖ Is the result of an apparent suicide?
Reportable Incident: All work-related incidents with Actual Severity 3 or above OR Potential Severity 4 or above involving ADNOC Group or Reportable Contractors’ employees requiring notification to ADNOC within the timeframes prescribed in the Standard HSE-GA-ST04-Incident Notification Investigation Reporting. Reportable Incidents include but not limited to the following.
• Fatality or NAD
• Permanent Partial Disability or Permanent Total Disability
• Inpatient Hospitalization of 24 hours or more for care or treatment
• Confirmed Cases of Serious Occupational Disease or Illness (Appendix 2)
• Lost Workdays Cases (more than 7 Days)
• HIPO with Potential Severity 4 or Higher
• Assets / Property Damage
• Environmental Incidents
• Loss of Well Control Incidents
• Tier 1 & Tier 2 Process Safety Event (LOPC) irrespective of Severity Level
• Fire incidents within Process Facilities / Area including Flame, Smoldering and Smoke irrespective of Severity.
• Motor Vehicle Crash (MVC) Incidents
• Incidents involving Reputational Impacts
Complete the acronyms?
➢ LTISR: Lost Time Injury Severity Rate
➢ LTIFR: Lost Time Injury/Illness Frequency Rate means number of Lost Time Injuries/Illness (LTIs) per
1,000,000 (million) hours worked. (No. of LTI × 1000000/ exposure hours worked during the period)
➢ FAR (Fatal Accident Rate): The number of fatalities per 100,000,000 (100 million) hours worked.
➢ TRCF: Total Reportable Case Frequency.
➢ SMART: Specific, Measurable, Achievable ,Realistic and Time-based
➢ TRIR (Total Recordable Injury Rate): The number of injuries (Fatalities + Permanent Total Disabilities + Permanent Partial Disabilities + Lost Workday Cases + Restricted Work Cases + Medical Treatment Cases) per 1,000,000 [million] hours worked. TRIR does not include First Aid Cases.
HSE Flash: HSE Flash ensures immediate and timely communication on the initial findings, immediate actions (initial measures taken at location) and recommendations from significant HSE occurrences.
❖ Incidents (Severity 3 and above)
❖ High Potential Incidents (HIPO)
❖ Significant HSE Observations that provide learning across the organization, such as:
▪ Serious HSE Non-Compliance
▪ Failure of Procedures / Processes (e.g., MOC, Risk Management etc.)
HSE Lesson Learned (HSELL): HSE Lessons Learned (HSELL) ensures communication of significant learning from Investigation of HSE Occurrences (Incidents, HIPO, etc.). HSELL are used for effective sharing of lessons learned within the ADNOC Group to prevent similar recurrence.
SAFE MAN HOURS: Safe Man Hours worked is the number of man hours worked in which No Recordable Incident occurred such as a Medical Treatment Case or worse. Total Man Hours Worked represent the number of hours expended by all personnel assigned to the package. Manpower is the number of personnel assigned to the package. Total hours work a day × Total number of workers × Total numbers of days worked over the specific period.
Environmental Impact: Any change to the environment whether adverse or beneficial, wholly, or partially resulting from an organization’s activities, products, or services.
Environmental Effect: A direct or indirect impingement of the activities, products, and services of the Company upon the environment, whether adverse or beneficial. Eric Environmental impact and effect are for all practical purposes synonymous.
Horseplay: Means practical joke, pushing of each other etc.
Housekeeping: It means Cleaning of Everything in its place Concrete waste, Steel/Metal waste; Food waste, Wood waste, COSHH waste and medical waste must be segregated and properly disposed.
Safety Inspection: A routine scheduled inspection carried out on a regular basis which identify existing conditions and compare them with agreed performance objectives.
Health & Safety Culture: Safety culture of an organization is defined as the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of an organization's health and safety management .
Perception: It is the way that a person views a situation OR The way in which a person believes or understands a situation
Motivation: It is the driving force behind the way that a person acts, or the way people are stimulated to act.
Check Lists: It is a written format to ensure the safety measures of the work or equipment (Operators Training., Dealing with emergencies and use of PPE etc. daily check list, Excavation check list and LOTO check list)
Method Statement (MS): It is the document submitted by contractor to client, covering general work procedure of a particular job in a safe manner as per required standards
Use of MS: We can plan and execute the work easily and safely it is also helping to know the codes and standards used for each activity
Safety Policy: It is a written statement of an employer’s intent to ensure the safety of the employees and it must contain below three parts/ contents. Statement of Intent, Organization and Arrangements
Statement of Intent: To demonstrate an organization’s commitment to health and safety in addition to setting the organization objectives.
Organization: To identify the health and safety responsibilities and channels of communication within the organization.
Arrangements: To detail the practical means for achieving the objective lay down in the policystatement, and these include Risk Assessment, Monitoring, Health surveillance, Reporting, Consultation, Training., Dealing with emergencies and use of PPE etc.
Methods for communicating the contents of HSE Policy:
➢ Giving policy copy or summary of it to all employees in different languages
➢ Displaying the policy on notice board
➢ Explain the contents of policy at the time of induction or refresh trainings or TBTs
➢ Upload the policy on company website
➢ Making policy an agenda item at meeting of health and safety committee
➢ Print the policy on posters and banners
Circumstances that would require HSE policy to be reviewed:
➢ After significant changes in work process or introduction of new equipment
➢ After a change of premises
➢ After significant alterations to work patterns, e.g., introduction of shift work
➢ When considered necessary actions following an accident investigation
➢ Significant changes in the structure of the organization, following changes in key personnel
➢ Where audits, risk assessments, monitoring exercises or investigations show that the policy is no longer effective or relevant .
➢ Periodic changes in legislation
➢ As a result of consultation with workforce
➢ After a sufficient period of time
Reasons why HSE policies become ineffective?
➢ A failure to communicate policy to all employees so they are unaware of the objectives
➢ A lack of management commitment & involvement in health & safety
➢ Lack of investment in health and safety
➢ A poor overall safety culture within the organization with priority is given to production
➢ Lack of awareness and understanding of H & S policy
➢ Not providing adequate health and safety information
➢ Top priority is not given to health and safety
➢ Lack of monitoring and performance measurement system
➢ High accident, incident, and ill health rates.
CAUSES OF ADVERSE EVENT
Immediate Causes: The most obvious reasons why an adverse event happens, e.g., the guard was missing; the employee slipped etc. (There may be several immediate causes in one adverse event)
Underlying Causes: The less obvious ‘system’ or ‘organizational’ reasons, e.g., pre-start-up machinery checks were not carried out by supervisor; the hazards have not been adequately considered via a suitable and sufficient Risk Assessment; Production pressure was too great etc.
Root Causes: Initiating events or failings from which all other causes or failings pring. Root causes are generally management, planning or organizational failings.
Reasons to carry out Investigation:
❖ Identify the causes and Prevent recurrence
❖ Collect evidence
❖ Discover Trends
❖ Legal reasons: (To ensure you are operating your organization within the law)
❖ As an adverse event has occurred means the existing risk control measures were inadequate (not implemented)
❖ Learning lessons from near misses can prevent costly accidents
❖ An understanding of how and why things went wrong
❖ An understanding of the ways people can be exposed to substances or conditions that may affect their health
❖ A true snapshot of what really happens and how work is really done
❖ To avoid further similar events.
Reportable Incident Notification: All reportable incidents (actual Severity 3 or above OR Potential
Severity 4 or above) must be notified to ADNOC as soon as it is practical [Initial Notification verbal
within two (2) hours], dependent on the situation but nominally immediately and Preliminary Incident
Notification (Within 24 hours) .
▪ Determine incident ownership and issue Terms of Reference – TOR (FM-GAST04-02) within 48 hours of incident.
▪ Assign Investigation team with clear objectives within 48 hours of incident
IIR (Initial Investigation Report must contain incident time, date, area, involved persons/equipment)
INCIDENT INVESTIGATION: When an incident is observed, initial response must be provided to secure the incident location and prevent further escalation of the situation. This response must be in line with the Emergency / Facility Response Plan (ERP/ FRP) of the facility or location where the incident has occurred. The potential severity shall also be evaluated to determine the level of ownership and investigation required.
An Investigation team shall be nominated to carry out investigation and identify the causes with recommendations to address the causes. For the investigation purpose.
An incident with actual Severity 3 or above (where Severity 3 can be established within 2 hours), they Must notify ADNOC Group HSE immediately or within Two hours of identification of such occurrence through verbal communication (phone call, text, email) with a brief summary of available information. After preliminary analysis Severity can be validated for 24 hours and Preliminary Incident Notification Form provided to ADNOC HSE .
TOR Signatory shall nominate the investigation Team within 48 hours of the Incident. (Severity 3 Or Above) And HIPO (Severity 4 Or Above) The level of TOR signatory shall be determined based on the severity of the incident and Nominating the team for conducting the incident investigation.
TOR: Terms of Reference:- Means a documents that describes the purpose, scope, responsibilities, and mandate of a committee / Sub-Committee / Task Force.
Investigation Team.
Investigation Team Leader - Department Head, Manager or SME level individual (for high-medium potential risk) outside or within the site but not directly involved with the activities/operations associated with the incident.
Secretary of the incident Investigation - must formally be trained on Incident Investigation process, methodologies, or tools Team Members- Knowledgeable about the process/activity associated with the incident Copy of Approved TOR Shall be Sent to ADNOC Group HSE: Hsemanageroffice@Adnoc.AeInvestigation team is a group of persons nominated by the Incident Owner to perform a formal investigation. HSE professional shall participate as member and not lead incident investigations.
Actual Severity: The actual severity of an incident is determined by evaluating the resulting damage and assigning a numeric value (1 to 6) using the consequence categories described in ADNOC Risk Matrix.
Potential Severity: The potential severity of the incident and the probability of a similar incident re-occurring determines the degree of reporting required in the event of an incident. When determining potential severity, the assessor must take consideration of active barriers in place during the incident, then develop the potential scenario considering the barriers that are considered to have failed (worse-case scenario). The potential scenario must be documented and recorded for further analysis and verification.
❖ Gather preliminary information
❖ Preserve and secure any evidence
❖ Record and document site conditions (photographs, sketches etc.)
❖ Identify possible cause / effect
As part of remedial action follow-up process, recommendations from the incident investigation must be developed into actions for implementation. Learnings from incidents shall be shared across the ADNOC Group with necessary actions plans implemented by all GCs, as applicable.
❖ Incident’s investigation shall be initiated as soon as the incident is identified and notified to ADNOC. The investigation process must contain as minimum the following steps:
❖ Determine incident ownership and issue Terms of Reference – TOR within 48 hours of incident
❖ Assign Investigation team with clear objectives within 48 hours of incident
❖ Evaluation of initial site response, incident assessment, incident notification and necessary evidence
❖ Perform Investigation by identifying sequence of events and the timeline
❖ Issue Preliminary Investigation Report (7 days) and Issue Final Investigation Report (40 days)
❖ Identify Corrective Actions
❖ Approve assignment of actions
❖ Conduct validation sessions on implementation of actions arising from the investigation
❖ Tracking, follow-up and close out
❖ Share Lessons Learned from Incidents along with Final Investigation Report
Investigation Techniques: Investigation is a process to gather information means what
happened and analyze & evaluate the gathered information to identify immediate and root causes of unpleasant event to implement appropriate controls to prevent reoccurrence. Incidents that fall in severity 4 and above (actual and potential) must be investigated by using well known Root Cause Analysis (RCA) Techniques, such as Tripod-Beta, Bow-Tie, Taproot, Why-Why, Incident Trees Fault Tree Analysis, Cause Tree Analysis, Event Tree Analysis. At least one of the team members preferably HSE member should be proficient in the use of selected tool for the investigation.
HSE Lessons Learned (HSELL) within 5 days of completing the Investigation
HSE Flash To be issued within 7 days of Incident Occurrence v
High Severity Incidents (actual severity 3 or above) and HIPO (potential severity 4 or above) ADNOC within the established timeframe
CTA (Cause Tree Analysis):
1) Systematic, consistent, repeatable process to identify a wide range of potential causes.
2) Identify casual factors from the incident timeline.
FTA (Fault Tree Analysis):
1) Identify probability of failure for a complex system like a logic control.
2) Suitable for failure events.
FAULT TREE DEVELOPMENT STEPS
To do a comprehensive FTA, follow these steps:
1. Define the system. This includes the scope of the analysis including defining what is considered a failure. This becomes important when a system may have an element fail or a single function fail, and the remainder of the system still operates.
2. Define top-level faults. Define the fault condition and write down the top-level failure.
3. Identify causes for top-level fault. Using technical information and professional judgments, determine the
possible reasons for the failure to occur. Remember, these are level two elements because they fall just below the top-level failure in the tree.
4. Identify the next level of events. Continue to break down each element with additional gates to lower levels. Consider the relationships between the elements to help you decide whether to use an “and” or an “or” logic gate.
5. Add probabilities to events. If possible, evaluate the probability of occurrence for each of the lowest level elements and calculate the statistical probabilities from the bottom up.
6. Finalize and review the complete diagram. The chain can only be terminated in a basic fault: human,hardware,or Software below figure is the example with two logic gates (AND, OR) being used and the combination is acceptable.
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Note: Employer means company (Organization) and Employees mean workers.
Fire: It’s a chemical reaction of Fuel with required amount of Heat and Oxygen. if we will remove one of Heat, Fuel or Oxygen, fire will be automatically extinguished.
Fire Classification:
A- Ordinary Flammable Material like:- Paper, Cloth, Wood, Fabrics
B- Flammable Liquids & Gases:- Oil, Gasoline, Grease, Kerosene, Paint, Propane
C- Electrical Fire
D- Metal Fire (Sodium,Potassium,Magnesium)
PASS Method to be used to use a fire Extinguisher only use if you are trained for firefighting. Check the wind direction prior to fire fighting and always remain at opposite of wind during firefighting.
Note: In a fire don’t use lift to exit use only emergency exit Stairs or whatever is there and don’t try to collect your belongings like Mobile., Watch etc. only save your life
Consequences: It is the outcome/result of the hazardous event.
Fire Extinguisher Types:
APW- Air pressurized water DCP- Dry Chemical Powder
CO2-Carbon dioxide(use for electrical appliances/Fire)FOAM &Wet Chemical
Power Tool Safety:
• Visually inspect the tools before use check for color code fit to use sticker or any damage to insulation/plugs/cords if you find a fault in your tool., Tag it out, using an “Out-of-Service”
• Use only tools that show a valid electrical inspection tag.
• PAT Test (Portable Appliance Test)
• Always use right tools for the right job
• Never use any tool without its safety guard or handle
• Never disconnect power by pulling on the cord — disconnect by pulling the plug from the outlet
• Never clean or repair a tool unless the power is disconnected; — repair tools only if you are trained to do so.
• Do not wear rings, jewellery, or loose clothing when using power tools
• Never hold the tool by its cords and Always use Power tools with a Dead man switch.
• Always use ELCB’s or an RCD. They detect current problems and shut power off in about 1/30th of a second, protecting you from serious injury.
Duties of Safety Professional:
• Auditing and verifying safety precautions stipulated in the PTW, Risk assessment and Job Safety Analysis are being implemented.
• Conducting daily site inspections to find out hazards, unsafe conditions and coordinating with the site supervisors for the compliance with safety objectives & procedures of the company.
• Verify on daily basis the correct use of PPE by all the personnel
• Carrying out random inspections of lifting gears and implements color code system and maintaining documentation. And monthly Tools and safety harness inspection.
• If any dangerous action found in site activity Act and report immediately to the HSE Manager
• Training of new hires and all levels of personnel on HSE matters, with a specific attention to particularly hazardous tasks.
• Understand the HSE requirements and implementing the HSE plan
• Assessing fire protection requirements, ensuring adequacy and proper maintenance of firefighting provisions.
• Place safety posters, Hazard flashes and conducting site safety campaign
• Co-ordination with client in weekly site audit. And co-ordinate with Environmental Safety to dispose hazardous waste from the site.
• Act as emergency coordinator in emergency evacuation drills.
Permit (PTW): Permit to Work is a part of the overall Work Management System (WMS); the system that allows central control and ongoing monitoring of activities on a site to ensure that activities are authorized, carried out by qualified personnel using appropriate safety precautions and that activities with potentially hazardous interactions do not take place at the same time.
➢ PTW system is the means of providing the formal written instructions and authorization to the personnel carrying out the hazardous job or a defined job in a hazardous environment or both.
A PTW system provides a systematic disciplined approach to:
▪ Assessing the risks of a job and
▪ Specifying the precautions to be taken when performing specific tasks.
General Work Permit:- A Permit used for activities that does not form part of the defined critical work and does not contain any hot work.
Hot Work Permit:- A permit used for activities that contain a positive source of ignition as part of the nature of work activity. Examples include but not limited to hot surfaces, naked flames, hot gases, mechanically produced sparks, chemical reactions, etc.
Note: Any confirmed source of ignition shall require use of the Hot Work Permit.
Critical Work Permit:- A permit used for critical work activities listed in ‘Work Categorization Chart’ or identified by the Group Company as Critical or High or High-Medium Risk (as per ADNOC RAM).
Note: Spark Potential nature of work will be covered under the Critical Permit.
Residual Risk: Level of risk that left behind after we have introduced our control measures.
Authorized Person: A person approved or assigned by the employer to perform a specific type of duty. (Authorized Gas Tester, Authorized Electrician) .
ADNOC Supporting Certificates with Permit: There are 10 certificates:
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NORM: Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material.
CONTRACTOR PRE-QUALIFICATIONS:
Inclusion of a Contractor in a bid list will depend on their satisfactory HSE performance Typical
Pre-qualification information includes but not limited to:
▪ HSE Policy.
▪ HSEMS Manual & HSE procedures.
▪ HSE Organization Chart.
▪ Certification for the local offices for ISO 14001 (ISO 45001) or equivalent, as applicable.
▪ HSE Statistics & Records of Serious Incidents (Including Investigation Reports of past 3 years).
▪ Company Risk Register (Assessment records & Aspect Impact Assessment records focusing on Occupational Health, Safety and Environmental Aspect).
▪ Satisfactory completion of ADNOC Group HSE PQ Questionnaire with supporting evidence
▪ ADNOC HSE Audit where required
The pre-qualification process shall consider the HSE capabilities of the suppliers, in addition to their technical capabilities and commercial aspects, which shall be conducted by HSE professionals only.
(Ladder Safety)
➢ Inspect ladders carefully & ensure rungs and side rails (stiles) are not missing/ damaged
➢ It should be at an angle of 75 degree
➢ Don’t climb ladders with tools or materials in hands
➢ There should be 3 points of contact
➢ Overlap at least three rungs of extension ladder sections
➢ Never reach too far to one side of a ladder. Keep your body
within the side rails and both feet on ladder rungs
➢ Never stand on the top two steps of a ladder
➢ Open stepladders to the full extent to allow the spreader to lock
➢ Do not use broken or damaged ladders
➢ Always secure straight or extension ladders at the top
Remember: ladders are designed to be used as a means of access, not as a working platform. Special precautions need to be taken if you need to work from a ladder
Work at Height: A Place where a person could fall and injured this includes places above, at or below ground Every Employer
Shall ensure that work at height is.
➢ Properly planned
➢ Appropriate supervised
➢ Carried out in a manner which is so far as low as reasonably practicable
➢ And that its planning includes selection of work equipment also
➢ If there is a Hole less than 1 meter secure it with 18 mm plywood post signage hole below and if more than 1 meter secure it and provide double handrail along with sign hole below.
Hazards:
➢ Fall from Height ➢ Deterioration of material ➢ Falling Objects ➢ Unprotected Edges ➢ Personal Fall Arrest System ➢ Bad Weather Conditions ➢ Vertical Distance ➢ Unwanted or loose material
Controls:
➢ Personal Fall Arrest System ➢ Tool lanyards to secure the tools ➢ Maintain 100% Tie-off ➢ Do not store unwanted material ➢ Railing for edge protection ➢ Check the weather condition ➢ Inspection of working platform ➢ Contractor’s trainings for safe WAH.
Note: Guard Rail Height should be 1 meter high (95 cm to 110 cm), Mid Rail 45 cm to 50 cm and Toe
Board should be 8-inch-high and bracing 45° and anchorage point with 5000 pounds load bearing
capacity.
Suspension Trauma: Also called (HHS) Harness Hang Syndrome is the loss of consciousness due to a
victim being held upright with limited movement for a period if a person gets hanging while working at
height, which can rapidly lead to death if not properly recognized & treated. Blood gets trapped in the
legs & we can’t adequately supply our brain with sufficient oxygen. During hanging we need to rescue
the victim within 16 minutes using any of the available resources like man lift, mobile crane with man
basket etc. otherwise it may lead to serious internal injuries or may be fatality, but if area is congested
and man lift can't go there then we need Gotcha Rescue kit
Hazardous substances: such as, concrete, cement, screed, concrete dust, paint, lubricants, fuels, grease,
acids.
COSHH: Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
Acute Health Effect: A condition where a high dose or concentration is delivered in a single short-term
event, causing rapid and often significant consequences.
❖ It is an immediate or rapidly produced adverse effect, following a single or short-term exposure to a
hazardous substance, usually with a rapid or immediate response which is normally reversible.
For Example: Exposure with H2S with more than 500 PPM can cause death in seconds.
Chronic Health Effect: A condition where the dose or concentration is delivered at some frequency
(e.g., daily, or weekly) and over a period leading to slow and progressive consequences.
❖ It is an adverse health effect resulting from prolonged, repeated exposure to hazardous substance the
response being gradual (often un-recognized for a long time) leading to slow and progressive
consequences and is often irreversible.
For Example: Prolonged exposure to silica dust causes lung cancer.
It is noteworthy that a substance may present both acute & chronic effects e.g., H2S gas. Prolonged
exposure with low PPM H2S may cause headache, corneal blistering, sleep disturbance etc.
NFPA: National Fire Protection Association:- Global self-funded non-profit organization established in
1896. Devoted to eliminating death, injury, property, and economic loss due to fire, electrical and related
hazards.
Hazards Identification System for Emergency Responders:
GHS-Global Harmonized System of classification and labeling of chemicals.
The NFPA Diamond consists of four color-coded fields.
Numbering Scale: From 0 to 4 (0-Non-Hazard and 4-Extreme Danger)
Note: NFPA is opposite of GHS. (Higher values in the NFPA system – Higher Hazard)
Convey safety information to emergency first responders: Ex-Fire Fighters.
Not designed to notify the user of the hazards of the chemicals in the laboratory setting.
Additional information – GHS Symbols and Safety Data Sheets.
NADEEM LIAQUAT
NFPA Hazards Identification SystemSDS: It is the document prepared by the manufacturer covering the detailed information regarding the hazards associated with any substance (chemical). It has 16 sections, and it is clearly mentioned all qualities of substance e.g., Properties, hazard identification, firefighting measures, first aid measures, Storage, and handling PPE requirements.
Tags: Tags are temporary signs usually attached to a piece of equipment or a part of structure to warn
immediate hazards (Red, Yellow, and green tag for Scaffold and LOTO Tag for Isolation)
Lock out Tag out (LOTO): It is physical barrier against all hazardous energy sources that supply power
to a piece of equipment, machinery, or system to eliminate risk and to provide temporary guarding of a
machine or process.
Purpose: Purpose of LOTO is to prevent injury to servicing and / or maintenance employees due to the
unexpected energization or startup of machines, equipment, or processes; or the release of stored
energy.
Source of Energy Any source of:
Electrical, Mechanical, Hydraulic, Pneumatic, Chemical, Thermal, or Other energy
Lock out: Placement of a lockout device on an energy isolating device, in accordance with an
established procedure, ensuring that energy isolating device and equipment being controlled cannot
be operated until lockout device is removed
Tag out: Placement of tag out device
• On an energy isolating device,
• In accordance with an established procedure,
• To indicate that energy isolating device and equipment being controlled may not be operated until tag
out device is removed.
LOTO Safety Procedure: There are six steps of LOTO safety.
1. Preparation
2. Shut down
3. Isolation
4. Lockout/Tag out
5. Stored Energy Check
6. Isolation Verification
NADEEM LIAQUAT
Preparation:- The First step of the locking and tagging out equipment or machine etc. For service &
maintenance is to prepare.
While during the preparation phase, the approved or authorized employee must investigate and obtain a
complete understanding of all kinds of hazardous energy that might control. It is important to identify
the hazards and of course, intends for the controlling or monitoring that energy.
Shut down:- With the planning complete the actual or exact process of powering down and locking out
machine’s starts.
It’s time to shut down or turn off the machine or equipment at this time that will be sustained or
maintained.
Another essential part of this step is to notify any employee affected or concerned by the shutdown,
even if they will not play a role in the service or the maintenance.
Isolation:- The next step of LOTO process or procedure is to isolate the machine and or the equipment
from any source of energy.
This may determine any number of items, such as the turning off the power at a breaker or shutting a
valve.
Lockout/Tagout:- With the machine or equipment separated or isolated from its energy source, the
next step or next level of LOTO is to Lock and Tag out the machine or device.
During this step the approved or authorized employee will attach the lockout and tag out devices to
every energy isolating device.
The point is to apply lockout device on the energy isolating device in the way so it says in the safe
position and cannot pass to the unsafe situation besides by the person performing the lock out
Tag out relates to applying a tag on the device as well. This tag carries the name who presented the
lockout and additional information.
Stored Energy Check:- Even after the energy source has been separated or disconnected in step three
of the Lockout safety process and the machine has locked and secured out.
In step four that does not fully guarantee that there is hazardous energy still stored or saved within the
machine or that is safe to perform maintenance.
At this point it is important to look for any hazardous energy that's been stored within the machine or
any residual energy. during this phase any potentially hazardous stored or residual energy must be
relieved disconnected restrained or made non-hazardous in some other way.
isolation Verification:- This is the last step of LOTO is all about ensure that yes you have shut down or
turned off the machine isolated them from their root of power locked them out and inspected for
hazardous stored energy.
But now the time to multiply check that you did it, all accurate and its now safe to work on the machine
or types of equipment.
SCAFFOLDING: Scaffolding is defined as a temporary structure erected to support access or working
platforms. These are commonly used in construction/maintenance work so that workers have a safe and
stable work platform when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor.
TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING:- TYPES OF CLAMPS:
Different Types of Scaffolding are as follows: Six Types of Clamps:
▪ Tube and Coupler Scaffold 1- Right Angle (Fix Clamp)-610 KG
▪ Independent Scaffolding(Two vertical Standards)2-Swivel(Adjustable Clamp)610 KG
▪ Birdcage Scaffolding More than2vertical standards)3- Sleeve Coupler-550 KG
▪ Cup Lock Scaffold 4- Ladder Clamp-550 KG
▪ Suspended Scaffold(Cantilever& Hanging)5- Plank Coupler-565 KG
▪ Mobile Tower Scaffold 6- Beam Clamp- 3000 KG
▪ Putlog Scaffold
▪ System Scaffold
➢ Sole plate/sole board
➢ Base plate/ screw jack/ castor
➢ Standard/ Tube (90⁰)
➢ Clamp/ Coupler
➢ Transom
➢ Intermediate transom
➢ Ledgers
➢ Bracing (45⁰)
➢ Stairs/ Ladders
➢ Guard Rails/ Railing system
➢ Toe Boards
➢ Planks/ Wooden or metal
➢ Ties and Scaff-Tag
Coupler: A device for locking together the component parts of tubular metal scaffold
Bracing: A tie that holds one scaffold member in fixed position with respect to another member.
Scaffolding Clamps and Fittings:
Right Angle Coupler: It is used to connect 2 scaffold tubes on an angle of 90⁰. Its SWL is 610 KG
Adjustable/Swivel Coupler: It is used to connect 2 scaffold tubes on any angle except 90⁰. Its SWL is
610 KG (6.1 KN). It must be used only in horizontal position and should not be used more than 300
meters from node point.
Node Point: It is the point where the ledgers and transoms connect to the vertical posts.
End to End / Sleeve Coupler: It is used to connect/joint 2 ends of scaffold tubes to increase the length.
SWL for tensile stress is 300 KG while for bending stress SWL is 59 KG/M2.
Beam Clamp: It is used to erect suspension scaffold system.
Final Coupler: It is used to joint tubes on same plane e.g., Handrail at the top of standard.
Ladder Clamp: It is used for fixing of ladders.
Types of Scaffold Ties:
Through Ties (+VE): Through wall or any other space.
Reveal Ties (-VE): Through window or any other small space by using screw jack.
Box Ties (+VE): By establishing Box round columns.
Anchor Bolt (+VE): Through Bolt in the Wall.
Distance between Gin wheel to platform is 750 mm.
Maximum acceptable gap between two planks is 50 mm.
Size of Toe Board = 150mm.
Size of Sole Plate = 300×300×6 mm.
Size of Base Plate = 150×150×6 mm.
Two types of Safety Net
Man: Hole 100 mm and Rope 8 mm.
Material: Hole 25 mm and Outline Rope 12 mm.
Scaffolding SWL = Dead Load + (4×Live Load)
Dead Load = Weight of Scaffold components + Working Platform, (For Example = 200 Kg)
Live Load = Weight of Workers + Materials + Tools
(For Example,2workers of 60 KG and 70 KG, Material weight is 2000 KG and Tools weight is 200KG) = 70 Kg + 60 Kg + 2000 Kg + 200 Kg
Scaffold SWL = D + (4 × L)
= 200 + (4 × 70+60+2000+200) => 200 + (4 × 2330) => 200 + 9320
= 9520 Kg = 9520/1000 = 9.52 Tons.
Hierarchy of Controls: (ERICPD)
➢ Elimination (Modified or alternative equipment/ design)
➢ Reduction/ Substitution (Less hazardous Materials/ Equipment. use low voltage tools)
➢ Isolation (Separation of hazards and targets)
➢ Engineering Controls (Addition of automatic shutdown systems, equipment guards, overpressure protection)
➢ Personal protective equipment (PPE)
➢ Discipline/ Administrative Controls (Revised procedures, warning signs, checklist, trainings)
Health and Safety Management System: (POPIMAR) ➢ Policy
➢ Organizing
➢ Planning
➢ Implementing
➢ Measuring Performance & Evaluation
➢ Auditing
➢ Reviewing Performance
Reasons why workers might not report accident?
➢ Unclear organizational policy on incident reporting ➢ Excessive paperwork
➢ No reporting system in place ➢ Blame culture
➢ No reporting culture in place ➢ Reluctance to receive first-aid treatment
➢ Lack of obvious management response to earlier ➢ Overly complicated reporting procedures
reported incidents
Lifting: There are 4 types of lifting in ADNOC Onshore.
1. ROUTINE LIFT: When Load Net weight is ≤ 80% of SWL; within the normal operating parameters of the lifting equipment, Permanent installed lifting equipment, Certified lifting points, Centre of gravity below the lifting points, Not lifting over or in close proximity (less than 3 m) to active or energized hydrocarbon process or pressurized utilities process equipment, Lifts with pre-slung arrangement or not using any special lifting accessories.
2. NON-ROUTINE SIMPLE LIFT: When Load Net weight is ≤ 80% of SWL; within the normal operating parameters of the lifting equipment, Temporary installed lifting equipment, Certified lifting points, Not lifting over or in close proximity (less than 3 m) to active or energized hydrocarbon process or pressurized utilities process equipment, Centre of gravity below the lifting points, Lifts without pre slung arrangement or use of special lifting accessories. 3.NON-ROUTINE COMPLICATED LIFT: When Load Net weight is > 80% but < 90% of SWL; without any Factor of Safety with exception of Overload Testing of Fixed and Mobile Lifting Appliances”, Temporary installed lifting equipment, Non-certified lifting points, Lifting in close proximity (less than 3 m) to active or energized hydrocarbon process or pressurized utilities process equipment, Centre of gravity above the lifting points, Use of special lifting accessories, Use of two or more Lifting Appliances including tailing pipes using winch and crane (Tandem Lift), Load is unknown or not uniformly distributed weight, or not uniform shape.
4. NON-ROUTINE COMPEX LIFT: When Load Net weight is ≤ 90% of SWL (without any factor of safety); however Dynamic Lift Load which is compared to Load Chart shall not exceed 100% SWL considering all applicable Factors of Safety, Temporary installed lifting equipment, Non-certified lifting points, Lifting over active or energized hydrocarbon or pressurized utilities process equipment, Centre of gravity above the lifting points, Use of special lifting accessories, Tandem lift with two cranes or more, Load is unknown or not uniformly distributed weight, or not uniform shape.
SWL (Safe Working Load): is the amount of weight (load) that a lifting device can carry without a fear
of breaking.
WLL (Working Load Limit) = Safe Working Load
SWL is the old term which is now replaced by WLL Calculations of Crane % Capacity:
If Crane Capacity = 65 T, Boom Length = 28 MTR, Crane Radius = 8 MTR, Load Weight = 8 T,
Weight of Lifting accessories including Hook Block = 4 T and SWL = 15.5 T (By using load chart)
Formula is Crane % Capacity = Load weight + Accessories weight x 100/SWL
= 4 + 8 × 100/15.5 => 12 × 100/15.5 => 1200/15.5 => 77.41 %
Safety devices of a crane: The safety devices of a crane include:
Load Alarm, The counterweight, (LMI) Load Movement Indicator, Anti-two block device, Boom angle
indicator, Safety latch on crane block, Anemometer.
Hazards:
➢ Incompetent riggers/ operators ➢ Unstable ground surface
➢ Damaged lifting gears ➢ Unsuitable equipment
➢ Bad weather conditions ➢ Lack of information and communication
➢ Suspended load falling from height ➢ Destabilization of crane/ Crane Toppling
➢ Adjacent / nearby structure ➢ Uncontrolled movement of load, lack of tag line
Controls:
➢ Ensure Permit, Lifting Plan, Lifting supervisor, Daily operator checklist, Barricades & sign boards are in
place prior to start lifting activity.
➢ Ensure that riggers and operators are competent, and 3rd party certified.
➢ Ensure equipment and lifting tackles/gears are inspected, color coded and 3rd party certified.
➢ Check weather condition and suspend the lifting if wind speed is 32 km/h or 25 knots in ADNOC Field 17
Knots.
➢ Don’t stand or walk under suspended load barricade the area and post signs.
➢ Use right equipment for the right job don’t lift people with crane use man lift/man basket.
➢ Ensure one rigger gives signal to operator.
➢ Conduct a job specific TBT before lifting and assign responsibilities to the individuals and ensure
operator and riggers understand the signals of each other.
➢ Use two tag lines to control sudden movement of load.
➢ Lifting activity should be 12 feet away from overhead power lines (ADNOC 6 Meter away).
Requirements of crane lifting: Lifting permit must be in place, Lifting plan must be prepared by
competent rigger/lifting supervisor, Checklist must be filled, Job specific/pre-task briefing (TBT) must
be conducted, crane must be positioned on firm and level ground with wood pads and steel plates, out
riggers must be fully extended, Tires should be off ground, certified lifting crew, ensure safe load
indicator is working, Crane has valid inspection sticker, insurance and 3rd party certificates, Area must
be barricaded and warning signs should be posted around.
Confined Space: Confined Spaces have following features:
➢ Limited access and egress
➢ Enough for a man to enter and work into it
➢ Not suitable for continuous workers occupancy
❖ Excavation is considered a confined space For Restricted Area only 1 condition when Dept is ≥ 1.2 meter
But For Non-Restricted Area 2 conditions when Dept is ≥ 1.2 meter and Width/Depth ratio is < 2 meter.
Hazards:
➢ Limited access and egress
➢ Inadequate lighting
➢ Inadequate ventilation
➢ Communication issues
➢ Presence of toxic gases
➢ Lack of oxygen or oxygen enrichment
➢ Untrained and incompetent workers
Controls:
➢ Obtain permit to work for confined space
➢ Conduct gas testing by Authorized Gas Tester (AGT) prior to enter
➢ Use entry/exit log sheet
➢ Adequate ventilation
➢ Adequate means of communication
➢ Trained and competent workers
➢ Rescue procedure including availability of SCBA and Full body Harness
➢ Hole watcher and Rotational work practice
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