26- Powerline contact
26- Powerline contact
Explain dangers
Powerline contact is a major cause of fatal and critical injuries.
These types of incidents usually involve heavy equipment such as backhoes, dump trucks, boom trucks, cranes, and excavators.
Beware of contact when moving extension ladders, rolling scaffolds, long lengths of pipe,and siding.
Beware of the powerline moving (e.g. in the wind).
Identify controls
• The constructor must develop written procedures ahead of time if the equipment or its load can encroach on the the minimum permitted distance to a powerline.
• The minimum permitted distances are listed in the construction regulations and the table blow.
• Don’t store material and equipment below overhead power lines.
• To determine powerline voltage, check markings on pole or call the utility.
• The written procedures must be communicated to every employer and worker on the project.
• The written procedures should include the use of warning devices and signs.
• Use a signaller to direct equipment operators and truck drivers.
• The signaller must be in full view of the operator and have a clear view of the powerline.
• The signaller must warn drivers and operators when any part of their equipment or load approaches the minimum distances set by law.
• When erecting or moving a ladder or scaffold, don’t let it lean or drift toward overhead power lines. Always maintain minimum allowable clearances.
Demonstrate
Review procedures with your crew in case of contact.
• If possible, break contact by driving the equipment clear of the powerline. Otherwise do not leave the equipment until the utility shuts down the power or fire forces you to jump clear.
• Keep everyone away from equipment in contact with powerline.
• Beware of time relays. Even after breakers are tripped by line damage, relays may be triggered to restore power.
• Never touch equipment and ground at the same time.
• Get someone to call the local utility to shut off power.
27- Temporary lighting
Explain dangers
Frequent relocation of circuits can loosen connections, break insulation, and create other shock or electrocution hazards.
Steel door frames can become electrified when doors close on wires.
Ladders, pipe, scaffold frames, and other objects can bump stringers, leading to electrical contact and shock.
Dead, missing, or low-watt bulbs, inadequate power, and blown fuses can leave stairwells, basements, and other areas poorly lit or with no lighting at all, increasing the risk of injury. lighting at all, increasing the risk of injury.
Identify controls
• Lighting levels should be at least 55 lux (5 foot candles). That means 150-watt bulbs:
– suspended 2.4 metres or 8 feet high and
– 7.5 metres or 25 feet apart
OR
– suspended 3 metres or 10 feet high and
– 6 metres or 20 feet apart.
• Bulbs lower than 100 watts are not recommended.
• Bulbs should be installed to light as large an area as possible.
• Bulbs must be protected by cages against accidental damage.
• Keep branch lighting circuits that feed temporary lighting entirely separate from power circuits, except for a common supply.
• Protect branch lighting circuits by a breaker or fuse with a 15- amp rating. An electrician should connect the circuits directly into a distribution panel.
• Don’t use temporary lighting circuits as extension cords. If a fuse blows, finding your way to the panel in the dark can be dangerous.
• Make sure that wires do not contact steel doors or steel door frames. Ensure that wires cannot be pinched or cut by doors.
Demonstrate
With your crew, review the following checklist.Are work areas well lit?
• Are work areas well lit?
• Are burned-out bulbs promptly replaced?
• Are they replaced with new bulbs or bulbs taken from another location?
• Are stringers promptly relocated when bulbs are blocked by the installation of new ceilings, ducts, piping, and other features?
• Are lamp holders hard-usage type?
• Are electrical feed lines for sockets supported every 1.4 metres (4 feet, 6 inches)?
28- Underground utilities
Explain dangers
Buried gas and electrical lines present a serious risk of injury and death.
Utility pipes, conduit, and cable may be damaged by:
• digging without locates or with inaccurate locates.
• careless excavation once the utilities have been located and marked
• failure to support exposed utilities once they have been uncovered.
Breaks in buried services threaten not only workers but also the general public.
Identify controls
The basic idea is to CALL BEFORE YOU DIG.
Ask utilities to locate and mark their underground services. That includes gas, water, electrical, cable TV, telephone, and pipelines.
Utilities generally offer a free service for locating and marking buried services with stakes, flags, or paint.
These markers indicate the approximate centre line of the underground service. Utilities also provide a diagram of the locate information. Keep records of all your locates on the job. J
Once the underground service is located, it’s our job to uncover it.
This must be done by hand digging. Never use excavating equipment to find the service.
If we use a pressurized water/vacuum system to expose the buried service, we have to check with the utility first to make sure it’s safe.
In some cases, the utility may supervise our digging and excavation. This is a requirement when working with fiber optic cable.
Once the service has been uncovered and its location determined at several points along its length, then excavating equipment can be used.
Exposed utility pipes, conduit, and cable must be supported to keep them from falling or breaking. When construction contracts don’t specify the method of support, ask the utility for its requirements.
For more information on utility damage prevention, go to orcga.com and download a free copy of ORCGA’s Best Practices.
Demonstrate
Review information in a locate provided by a utility for an underground service on site.
NOTE: If you find electrical services and
there is a risk of contacting them, investigate
alternatives to mechanically fastening decking.
29- Electrical contact— Roofing
Cutting into existing roofs and fastening insulation are common jobs for roofers. One of the hazards they face when doing these jobs is contact with electrical services.
Electrical services such as conduits or cable could be just beneath the membrane of the roof.Electrical services could also be mounted to the underside surface of the roof deck on the inside of the building.
Explain dangers
The most common danger for roofers when they encounter electrical services is electrocution. However, there are also dangers associated with cutting the deck, such as kickback and fire.
Identify controls
• Prior to cutting into the roof, contact the owner and request information on the location of conduits or cable.
• If possible, check the underside of the roof deck inside the building for conduits and cable in the spot where you plan to cut.
• If you are working on a concrete roof deck, x-ray the area before cutting.
• Always remove the membrane system before cutting holes in the roof deck.
• If an electrical service is located close to where you plan to cut, request that the power be shut off and locked out.
• If the power cannot be shut off and locked out,request that a new location be chosen for the hole.
• Contact with electricity can seriously injure or even kill you. Don’t cut until you have received confirmation that the area is clear of all services.
• Don’t forget that the same hazards exist when you are securing (mechanically fastening) insulation to the decking and when you are cutting. If possible, check the underside of the roof deck inside the building for services. You may need to have two-way communication with someone watching the progress from the inside of the building.
Radio detection is another method of checking for electrical services that has become more reliable. Prior to fastening the insulation to the decking or cutting a hole, a worker can scan the area using a radio detection device and mark areas of concern. By doing this, the worker can lower the risk of contact.
Demonstrate
Walk around the work area and, if possible, look for any services on the underside of the decking.
Radio detection companies often provide training on their products. Arrange for worker training if you plan to use this equipment.
NOTE: You can use new technology such as a system that can read tags on worker’s vests or hard hats and send a signal to warn the operator that someone is behind the vehicle. But systems like this may not be available on most projects.
30- Backing vehicles
Explain dangers
Every year, workers are killed and injured by backing vehicles and machinery. If you work in road the homebuilding, ICI, heavy civil, or building industry, you have an increased likelihood of getting struck by heavy equipment.
The main problem is blind spots around heavy equipment. If you’re in a blind spot and the operator doesn’t know you’re there, you could be backed over.
The hazards increase in congested areas where vehicles and heavy equipment are backing up all the time. Noise distracts people and dust makes it difficult to see and be seen.
Identify controls
You can plan a drive-through site to limit the need for backing up. But on most projects, trucks and equipment have to operate in reverse at some point. That’s when a signaller is necessary.
The signaller is another pair of eyes for the driver. If you’re asked to work as a signalling follow these tips. ,
• Wear high-visibility clothing as required.
• Stand where the operator can see you at all times, and where you have a full view of the intended path of travel. You must, however, stay out of the vehicle’s path.
• Use the hand signals demonstrated below.Traffic Control Hand Signals
• Make eye contact with the driver or operator before you signal or change position.
• Do not perform any other duties. Signalling requires your full concentration.
• Know driver and operator blind spots. [Show your crew these diagrams of blind spots.]Make eye contact with the operator before approaching vehicles and equipment.
Demonstrate
Show your crew where the blind spots are on a truck or piece of heavy equipment on site.them to see things from the operator’s perspective IHSA’s Traffic Control Hand Signals Card (V006)
31- Traffic control public Road 1
Explain dangers
When construction or utility work affects traffic on public roads, there’s a risk both to workers and to ordinary drivers and passengers. The first priority of a traffic control person is to protect workers and the public from accident and injury.
Identify controls
Traffic control persons protect workers and the public by regulating traffic flow. As long as you’reworking as a traffic control person, you can’t do other work or have additional duties. Directing traffic is a full-time job.
Public traffic has priority over heavy equipment. But you’ll have to stop traffic when the job requires it. Otherwise, keep traffic moving at a normal or reduced speed to avoid tie-ups.
With your help, work will go ahead safely and efficiently. I’m going to give you instructions in writing. But let me go over the main points now.
The most important point is simple: Pay attention..
• Don’t be distracted by talking to anybody.
• Always face oncoming traffic.
• Stay alert to work nearby. Don’t get backed over by your own equipment.
• Stand where you can see and be seen by approaching traffic for at least 150 metres (500 feet).
• Stand alone. Don’t let a group gather around you.
• Stand at your post. Sitting is hazardous because you can’t fully see or be seen by drivers.
• Always have a quick escape route ready in case a driver doesn’t see you or disregards your signals.
NOTE: A traffic control person must never be used to direct traffic speed limit is greater than 90 km/h. if more than one active lane of traffic is travelling in one direction, or if the posted.
Demonstrate
Give the worker IHSA’s Handbook for Construction Traffic Control Persons (B016).
Go over the requirements for a typical arrangement for a two-lane roadway on page 10 of the handbook. dangers
32- Traffic control— Public roads 2
Identify controls
In addition to the hard hats and safety bootsyou’re already wearing, you’re going to need some equipment to do traffic control:
• Safety vest that meets requirements of the construction regulations (O. Reg. 213/91, s. 69.1)
• Eye protection—it’s dusty and bright out there
• STOP/SLOW sign that meets requirements of the construction regulations (O. Reg. 213/91, s. 68)
Demonstrate
Demonstrate as you talk.
Let me show you how to use the STOP/SLOW sign.
• When you show the STOP side to approaching traffic, hold up your free hand like this.
• When you show the SLOW side, motion traffic to keep moving slowly.
• Hold the sign firmly in view of oncoming traffic.
• Give motorists plenty of warning. Don’t suddenly flash STOP when a driver is too close.
• When you show STOP, clearly indicate where you want traffic to stop. When traffic has stopped, you may move to a point on the road where traffic in that lane can see you.
• When you show SLOW, don’t bring traffic to a complete halt. When drivers slow down, use your free hand to signal them to keep moving slowly.
• If you’re working along a two-lane road with traffic moving in both directions, you’ll have to coordinate your signals with the traffic controller on the other side.
• Where two lanes are reduced to one, make sure you stop traffic in one direction before letting traffic through from the other direction.
• A traffic control person must never be used to direct traffic if more than one active lane of traffic is travelling in one direction or if the posted speed limit is greater than 90 km/h.
• Remove or cover any traffic control signs at quitting time or when traffic control is suspended. Drivers can be confused by signs still in place when no work is going on.
Explain dangers
The use of concrete pumps and boom trucks is
common on most residential sites. In addition to
increased productivity, there are ergonomic and
safety-related benefits. However, if the site is not
set up properly, concrete pumps and boom trucks
can be dangerous for the equipment operator as
well as for other workers nearby.
1. The concrete pump, concrete delivery truck, or
boom truck may block the path of emergency
vehicles.
2. The pump or truck may tip over.
3. The boom may come in contact with a
powerline.
4. Workers may be injured by concrete delivery
trucks that are backing up.
Identify controls
Proper site planning can prevent many of these
problems.
1. The Occupational Health and Safety Act
requires every project to have written
procedures to follow in case of an emergency.
If part of the site is blocked off, emergency
vehicles and personnel may not be able to
reach injured workers.
Make a proper staging area by grading
driveways or other areas off the road. That will
give concrete pumps, boom trucks, and other
heavy equipment enough space to set up
properly off the road so they won’t block traffic.
Example of Proper Site Setup
2. To ensure the stability of the concrete pump or
boom truck, the ground where the equipment
is set up has to be level and compacted. Refer
to CSA Z151-09—Concrete Pumps and Placing
Booms and the manufacturer’s instructions.
3. To prevent the boom from contacting overhead
power lines, follow the procedures below.
• Establish written procedures to ensure that
equipment or loads do not encroach on
minimum distances to power lines.
• Provide adequate devices that are visible to
the operator to warn of electrical hazards.
• Station a signaller in full view of the operator
to warn them each time the equipment may
approach the minimum distance.
NOTE: Refer to sections 188 and 189 of the
Regulation for Construction Projects (213/91).
4. Concrete delivery trucks need to back up to
fill the pump hopper. Always have a designated
signaller in place to keep anyone from being
hit by a reversing vehicle. Regulations require that
a signaller wear high-visibility clothing and use
pre-arranged hand signals to communicate with
the operator (O. Reg. 213/91, s.104 and 106).
Traffic Control Hand Signals
Demonstrate
Review the site plan and staging areas with those
involved. This will ensure that concrete pumps and
boom trucks will be set up correctly.
Hand out IHSA’s Traffic Control Hand Signals (V006)
and Ready-mix Driver and Concrete Pumping Hand
Signals (V007).
37-Explain dangers
Lift trucks in the
warehouse
Many workers are injured by lift trucks in
situations like the following.
• A lift truck is unintentionally driven off a
loading dock.
• A lift truck falls between a dock and an
unsecured trailer.
• A worker is struck by a lift truck when it is
backing up or when the worker cannot be
seen by the operator.
• A lift truck tips over and crushes the operator
or a worker.
• The load on a lift truck falls off the forks
because it was not loaded or secured properly.
• The operator did not keep his or her hands
and feet inside the cab.
• The operator slips or falls when getting in or
out of the cab.
Many incidents also involve property damage
including damage to overhead sprinklers,
racking, pipes, walls, and machinery.
Most injuries and property damage are caused by
• lack of safe operating procedures
• lack of safety rule enforcement
• insufficient or inadequate training.
Identify controls
• Always wear suitable clothing and safety shoes
or boots when you are working in a warehouse.
• Always fasten your seatbelt when driving a lift
truck.
• Always use 3-point contact when getting in
and out of the cab.
• Take off any jewellery, and keep long hair tied
back to prevent it from being caught in
machinery or equipment.
• Watch out for other workers and vehicles,
especially near doorways and ends of aisles.
• When backing up, always look in the direction
that you are travelling. Watch for people,
equipment, or anything else in your path of
travel.
• Don’t be afraid to use your horn. It’s better to
make too much noise than not enough.
• Secure the load properly to prevent it from
falling onto equipment or pedestrians.
• When you are stacking something on high
shelves, make sure the lift truck can stack at the
proper heights and manoeuvre in aisles without
becoming unstable.
• Review the manufacturer’s instructions and
keep the manual with the equipment for quick
reference.
Demonstrate
• Ask the crew to show that they understand the
load chart.
• Ask lift truck operators if they can remember the
speed limits and warning signs at your facility.
• Ask the operators to show that they understand
all the warnings and precautions for the type of
lift truck they will be allowed to use.
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